土木工程术语及释义
土木工程术语表，内容主要源于本人某水泥厂项目翻译经验。点这里查看带有插图的文档。
| 术语 | 译文 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| (Rain) downpipe | 雨落水管 | |
| Acceleration | 赶工 | |
| Acetylene | 乙炔 | |
| Acrylic board | 亚克力板/丙烯酸板 | |
| Additive /ˈædətɪv/ | 添加剂 | |
| Adhesive/bonding agent | 界面剂；粘合剂 | |
| Aggregate | 石料 | |
| Air compressor | 空压机 | |
| Air duct | 风管 | |
| Air slide/chute | 气溜槽 | |
| Alignment | 调整，校正 | |
| Anchor bolt | 地脚螺栓 | |
| Anchor plate | 锚板 | |
| Angle bead | 角条 | |
| Anti-slip nosing | 楼梯防滑条 | |
| Apron feeder | 板喂机 | |
| Architrave | 门边 | |
| Backfill | 回填 | |
| Backer/backing rod | 泡沫棒 | |
| Ball valve | 球阀 | |
| Toe board/baseboard/skirting board | 踢脚板 | |
| Belt conveyor | 带式输送机 | |
| BIM（building information modeling) | 建筑信息模型，3D | |
| Blinding/cushion | 垫层 | |
| Bonded bar/planted bar | 植筋 | |
| Boom truck | 汽车吊 | |
| Boundary beam | 边梁 | |
| Box girder | 箱形梁 | |
| Brick formwork | 砖模 | |
| Bucket elevator | 斗式提升机 | |
| Bull/button mark; level pad | 灰饼 | |
| Bus bar | 母线 | |
| Bushing | 管护套 | |
| Butterfly valve | 蝶阀 | |
| Cable drum | 电缆盘 | |
| Cable lug | 线鼻子，压接端子 | |
| Cable scrap | 废电缆 | |
| Cable terminator/connector | 电缆头 | |
| Cable tray | 电缆桥架 | |
| Calculation sheet | 计算书 | |
| Calibration | 校准、标定 | |
| Canopy | 雨棚 | |
| Cantilever | 悬臂 | |
| Capacity limit | 容量限度 | |
| Casting | 浇筑 | |
| Cat head | 吊锚杆 | |
| Cathodic protection | 阴极保护 | |
| Ceiling light | 吸顶灯 | |
| Center line | 中线 | |
| centrifuge | 离心机 | |
| Chain block | 手拉葫芦 | |
| Chart/table/diagram/graph/form/figure | 表格 | table是“表格”，包含横列纵列，里面有数据。 graph是“图表”，用图形展现数据之间的关系。 最常见的graph有：折线图（line graphs）、柱状图（bar graphs），也可以包含饼图（pie charts / circle graphs）等。 diagram指“图解”，也可以叫“示意图”。电路图，就是典型的diagram。 chart是泛指。凡是通过图形图片+数据文字的方式，来让信息更清晰的图表，都可以叫chart。table, graph, diagram都可以看做chart的一种。 figure专指插入书中的图表和示意图，通常带编号。比如书的正文里说“参见图9”，那么下面一定会有一张叫做FIG.9的图表/图解/插图。FIG./fig.是figure的缩写。 |
| Check valve | 止回阀 | |
| Checkered plate | 网纹钢板，花钢板 | |
| Chemical bolt | 化学螺栓 | |
| Chemical flushing | 化学冲洗 | |
| Cherry- picker/man lift/ladder truck | 云车/升降车 | |
| Chisel/chip | 凿毛 | |
| Clarification | 澄清 | 指澄清技术细节及某些模糊的事情。 |
| Clear height | 净高度 | |
| Clinker | 熟料 | |
| Controlled Non-Classified (CNC) room | 洁净室，气密房 | |
| Coating | 涂层 | |
| Coil material | 卷材 | |
| Cold joint | 冷焊 | |
| Coupling/coupler | 耦合器/联轴器 | |
| Commencement date | 开工日期 | |
| Commissioning | 调试 | |
| Thermocouple/thermal couple | 热电偶 | |
| Compaction/Proctor density | 密实度 | |
| Compressive strength | 抗压强度 | |
| Concrete bleeding | 混凝土泌水 | |
| Concrete mixer truck | 混凝土罐车 | |
| Condense | 冷凝 | |
| Confine space work | 有限空间作业 | |
| Construction joint | 施工缝 | 在混凝土浇筑过程中，因设计要求或施工需要分段浇筑，而在先、后浇筑的混凝土之间所形成的接缝。 它并不是一种真实存在的“缝”，只是因先浇筑混凝土超过初凝时间，而与后浇筑的混凝土之间存在一个结合面，该结合面就叫施工缝。 |
| Cooling | 冷却 | |
| Corbel/bracket | 牛腿，梁托 | |
| Cornice | 飞檐、檐口 | |
| Corridor | 通廊 | |
| Corrugated pipe | 波纹管 | |
| Counter weight | 配重 | |
| Crawler crane | 履带吊 | |
| Crowbar | 撬棍 | |
| Culvert | 涵洞 | |
| Curbstone | 路缘石，马路牙子 | |
| Curing | 养护 | |
| Curing agent | 固化剂 | |
| Deceleration device | 减速装置 | |
| Decentration | 偏心 | |
| Demolish | 拆毁 | |
| Detail | 节点、详图 | |
| Deviation | 偏差，误差 | |
| Diagonal bracing | 斜撑 | |
| Diaphragm valve | 隔膜阀 | |
| Diesel tanker | 油罐车 | |
| Differential pressure pipe | 差压管 | |
| Dislocation | 错台/错位 | |
| Dismantle | 拆开 | |
| Dismount | 从支架上拆下 | |
| Door reclaimer | 门式取料机 | |
| Dowel bar | 传力杆；拉杆 | |
| Dowel Fischer | 膨胀螺钉 | |
| Drawing | 图纸 | |
| Drill with casing | 跟管钻进 | |
| Dump truck | 翻斗车 | |
| Early strength concrete | 早强混凝土 | 混凝土早强剂是指能提高混凝土早期强度的外加剂，多在冬季或者紧急抢修时采用。混凝土早强剂对混凝土后期强度并无显著影响。早强剂的品种有： 氯化钙、氯化钠、芒硝、石膏、水玻璃、铝酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氟化钠、三乙醇胺等。 |
| Eave | 屋檐 | |
| Electric hammer | 电镐 | |
| Elevator cage | 电梯笼 | |
| Embedded steel part（ESP） | 埋件 | |
| Emulsion paint | 乳胶漆 | |
| Enclosure/Barricade | 围护 | |
| Expansion of time (EOT) | 延期 | |
| Epoxy resin | 环氧树脂 | |
| Erection | 安装 | 垂直方向安装，如脚手架的搭设。 |
| Escape way | 安全通道 | |
| Excavation | 开挖 | |
| Expansion bolt | 膨胀螺栓 | |
| Expansive agent | 膨胀剂 | |
| Extension joint | 伸缩缝 | |
| Extruded Polystyrene board=XPS | 挤塑板 | |
| Fabrication | 制造 加工 | |
| Facade | 外墙 | |
| Fall arrester | 防坠器 | |
| False ceiling | 吊顶 | |
| Fastener/coupler | 扣件 | |
| Fault/failure | 故障 | |
| Feed bin | 喂料斗 | |
| Feeding station | 下料站 | |
| Final payment | 结算 | |
| Fine aggregate concrete | 细石混凝土 | |
| Fire retardant paint | 防火涂料 | |
| Flange | 法兰 | |
| Flange cover | 盲板 | |
| Flaw/fault/crack/defect detection | 探伤 | |
| Floating roof tank | 浮顶罐 | |
| Floor opening | 楼板孔洞 | |
| Flow meter | 流量计 | |
| Flow switch | 流量开关 | |
| Fluorocarbon paint | 氟碳漆 | |
| Foreman | 工头，领班 | |
| Forklift | 叉车 | |
| Formwork | 模板 | |
| Formwork closing | 封模 | |
| Foundation sides | 基础侧壁 | |
| Frosted/matte face | 哑光面 | |
| Full hall scaffold | 满堂脚手架 | |
| Galvanized | 镀锌的 | |
| Gangplank/plank/wood/board | 跳板（木制、铁质都有） | |
| Gap/clearance | 间隙 | gap是因为坏了、裂了、断了等产生的缝隙，clearance是特意留出来的缝隙 |
| Gate valve | 闸阀 | |
| Gauge/instrument | 仪表 | |
| Geo textile | 土工布 | |
| Gland | 锁紧头、电缆头、格兰 | |
| Glazed tile | 琉璃瓦 | |
| Globe valve | 截止阀 | |
| Glossy face | 光面 | |
| GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) | 探地雷达 | |
| Grace period | 宽限期 | |
| Grade beam | 地梁 | |
| Gradient | 坡度 | |
| Grating | 格栅板 | |
| Grinder | 角磨机 | |
| Ground slab | 地坪 | |
| Grounding/earthing cable | 接地线 | |
| Gunny bag | 麻袋 | |
| Handmade | 手工的 | |
| Hex bolt | 六角螺栓 | |
| High strength bolt | 高强螺栓 | |
| Hinge | 折页；铰链 | |
| Hold point | 停工待检点 | |
| Hollow brick | 空心砖 | |
| Hologram | 全息图 | |
| Hose | 软管 | |
| Hot work | 动火作业 | |
| HVAC | 高压交流电/暖通空调 | |
| Hydraulic pump | 液压泵 | |
| Hydraulic trolley | 地坦克 | |
| Hydro test | 水力试验 | |
| Indicator light | 指示灯 | |
| Inner/internal outer/external corner | 阴、阳角 | |
| Inspection door | 检查口 | |
| Insulated aluminum | 断桥铝 | |
| Insulation | 保温 | |
| Interface | 接口 | |
| Interim settlement | 期中结算 | |
| Interior roof plate | 屋面内板 | |
| Interlock pavement | 联锁路面 | |
| Job hazard analysis (JHA) | 作业危害分析 | |
| Joint mixture | 填缝剂 | |
| Lap/overlap | 搭接 | |
| Latch | 门闩 | |
| Layout | 布局 | |
| Lean concrete | 素混凝土 | |
| Level sensor | 料位计 | |
| Leveling/Grading | 场整 | |
| Levelness | 水平度 | |
| Lifeline | 生命线 | |
| Lift | 吊装 | |
| Lifting lug/shackle | 吊耳，吊环/卸扣 | |
| Light leak test | 漏光检查 | |
| Lining | 衬板;衬里 | |
| Lintel | 过梁 | |
| Liquidated damages | 违约赔偿金 | |
| Longitudinal | 纵向的 | |
| Louver | 百叶窗 | |
| Lubricating system | 润滑系统 | |
| Machinist/məˈʃiːnɪst/ | 机械工 | |
| Manhole | 人孔，检修孔 | |
| Masonry | 石砌 | |
| Megger | 摇表 | |
| Melamine | 三聚氰胺 | |
| Membrane/film | 薄膜 | |
| Method statement | 施工方案 | |
| Metope | 柱间壁 | |
| Mid coating | 中涂=第二层涂料 | |
| Mixer | 搅拌机 | |
| MoM (Minutes of meeting) | 会议纪要 | |
| Mortar | 砂浆 | |
| NCR (non conformity report) | 不合格报告 | |
| NDT (non destructive testing) | 无损检测 | |
| Needle valve | 针阀 | |
| Neoprene | 氯丁橡胶 | |
| NGL (natural ground level) | 自然地面标高 | |
| Nylon web sling | 尼龙吊带 | |
| Off specification | 不合格的 | |
| OHSE (occupational health safety environment) | 职业健康安全环境 | |
| Oil tank | 油罐 | |
| On-off switch | 双控开关 | |
| Original | 原厂的 | OEM (original equipment manufacturer)代工生产商，原始设备制造商；OE原厂设备；OE part原厂配件 |
| Overheads | 日常开支 | |
| PAB (pay as bid) | 签证（按报价结算） | 工程现场签证是指：施工过程中出现与合同规定的情况、条件不符的事件时，针对施工图纸、设计变更所确定的工程内容以外，施工图预算或预算定额取费中未包含，而施工过程中确须发生费用的施工内容所办理的签证（不包括设计变更的内容)。 |
| Packer | 注浆针头 | |
| Panic bar | 太平门闩 | |
| Parapet | 女儿墙 | |
| Part | 零件 | |
| Pave | 铺贴 | |
| Pavement | 路面 | |
| Pedestal /ˈpedɪstl/ | 基座 | |
| Penthouse | 阁楼 | |
| Performance chart | 性能表 | |
| Photoswitch, light operated switch | 光控开关 | |
| Piecewise | 分段的；分段地分段地 | |
| Pinch point | 夹挤点 | |
| Pinch valve | 夹管阀 | |
| Pinion | 小齿轮 | |
| Pipe rack | 管架，管廊 | |
| PIR switch | 人体感应开关 | |
| Plenum | 静压箱 | |
| Pliers | 钳子 | |
| Plug valve | 旋塞阀 | |
| Polish | 收光 | |
| Polyethylene | 聚乙烯 | |
| Polypropylene | 丙纶 | |
| Polystyrene board=EPS | 聚苯乙烯板（泡沫板、苯板） | |
| Polyurethane/PU | 聚氨酯 | |
| Positioning board | 龙门板 | |
| Post tensioning | 后张拉 | |
| Potable water | 饮用水 | |
| PPE (personal protective equipment) | 个人防护设备 | |
| Pressed clad/ color steel sheet | 压型瓦，彩钢瓦，瓦楞板 | |
| Pressure relief valve/ safety valve | 安全阀 | |
| Prime coat | 透层 | |
| primer | 底油=第一层涂料 | |
| Production line | 生产线 | |
| Profession | 专业 | |
| Profile | 剖面/型材 | |
| Provisional | 暂定的 | |
| Pulley | 皮带轮 | |
| Pulse cleaning | 脉冲清洁 | |
| Punch list | 尾项清单 | |
| Purlin | 檩条 | |
| Putty | 腻子 | 腻子（填泥）是平整墙体表面的一种装饰性质的材料，是一种厚浆状涂料，是涂料粉刷前必不可少的一种产品。涂施于底漆上或直接涂施于物体上，用以清除被涂物表面上高低不平的缺陷。 采用少量漆基、助剂、大量填料及适量的着色颜料配制而成。 |
| Quarry | 采石场 | |
| Radial drilling machine | 摇臂钻床 | |
| Rail | 栏杆 | |
| Raised floor; false floor | 活动地板，假地板 | |
| Raw mill | 原料磨，生料磨 | |
| Raw silo | 原料仓，生料仓 | |
| Rebar-concrete (RC) ground slab | 钢筋混凝土地坪 | |
| Rebar fixer/ iron worker/ rod buster | 钢筋工 | |
| Rectification | 改正，整改 | |
| Reducer | 变径头；大小头 | |
| Refractory | 耐火材料 | |
| Refrigerant pipe | 冷媒管 | |
| Release work area | 释放工作面 | |
| Reminder | 催函 | |
| Renovation | 翻新 | |
| Repatriation | 遣返 | |
| Replacement filling | 换填 | |
| Request for clarification (RFC) | 技术核定单 | |
| Retaining wall/Cofferdam/Dyke/dike wall | 挡墙 | |
| Retarder | 缓凝剂 | |
| Request for inspection (RFI) | 验收申请 | |
| Rigger | 索具工 | |
| Road shoulder | 路肩 | |
| Rock wool board | 岩棉板 | |
| Roller mill | 辊磨机 | |
| Roof | 屋面 | |
| Rough coating | 甩浆 | |
| Safety harness | 安全带 | |
| Sample/ mock-up | 样板 | |
| Sand blasting | 喷砂 | |
| Sandwich board | 夹心板 | |
| Scaffold | 脚手架 | |
| Scrap | 废料 | |
| Section | 截面 | |
| Self-compaction concrete | 自密实混凝土 | |
| Septic tank | 化粪池 | |
| Setting-out | 放线 | |
| Shim plate | 垫铁 | |
| Sill/ledge | 窗台 | |
| Silo | 筒仓 | |
| Slip form | 滑模 | |
| Slope/ramp | 找坡、散水坡、防溢坡等各种坡道 | |
| Slump | 塌落度 | |
| Smear | 污迹 | |
| Smoke detector | 烟雾报警器 | |
| Space frame | 空间构架 | |
| Spanner/wrench | 扳手 | |
| Specific gravity | 比重 | |
| Spiral reinforcement | 螺旋钢筋 | |
| Split bolt | 开口螺栓 | |
| Stack/chimney | 烟囱 | |
| Stacker | 堆料机 | |
| Stair tread | 楼梯踏板 | |
| Staircase tower | 楼梯塔 | |
| Stirrup | 箍筋 | |
| Struts | 撑杆 支柱 | |
| Substation | 电气室 | |
| Substructure | 次结构 | |
| Suction chamber | 吸入室 | |
| Superstructure/upper structure | 上部结构 | |
| Surface preparation | 表面处理 | |
| Swaging machine | 模锻机 | |
| Tack coat | 粘结层 | 修路时铺的一层焦油或沥青 |
| Tack welding | 点焊 | |
| Tape/ tape measure/ tape line | 卷尺 | |
| Tapping screw | 自攻钉 | |
| Tensile strength | 抗拉强度 | |
| Terminal block | 接线端子 | |
| Tertiary air duct | 三次风管 | 一次primary， 二次secondary |
| Theodolite | 经纬仪 | 测角 |
| Threshold | 门槛 | |
| Tie rod (Wing nut) |
对拉杆(翼型螺母） | |
| Tile pressing machine | 压瓦机 | |
| Timber | 木料 | Board=薄板，plank=厚板 |
| Tolerance | 公差 | |
| Toolbox meeting/talk | 工前安全会议 | |
| Top coating | 面涂=第三层涂料 | |
| Total station | 全站仪 | 测角、高、距 |
| Tower crane | 塔吊 | |
| Transfer tower | 转运塔 | |
| Translucent sheet | 半透明板 | |
| Trapezoid | 梯形 | |
| Truck scale/weigh bridge | 地磅 | |
| Truck-mixed concrete | 运拌混凝土 | |
| Trunking/wire duct | 线槽 | |
| Truss | 桁（héng）架 | |
| Tube/pipe/duct/conduit | 管 | Tube的精度、材质、工艺要求高，形状有方有圆。Pipe要求没有tube那么高，且只有圆形。Duct主要指气体管道，方形圆形都有。Conduit指电缆管。 |
| Turn buckle | 花篮螺栓 | |
| Unequal double door | 子母门 | |
| Union | 接头 | |
| UPS (uninterrupted power supply) | 不间断电源 | |
| UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test | 超声波脉冲测试 | |
| Variation order | 变更单 | |
| Vertical bracing | 竖向支撑 | |
| Verticality | 垂直度 | |
| Vibration isolation block | 防震挡块 | |
| Visual inspection | 目视检查 | |
| Warning tape | 警戒线 | |
| Warranty deposit | 质保金 | |
| Water glass | 水玻璃/硅酸钠 | 水玻璃（硅酸钠水溶液）在土木工程中主要用作防水堵漏剂、固化剂/土壤稳定剂和防火材料。它能渗透到土体或结构缝隙中，通过化学反应形成凝胶或沉淀物，填堵孔隙、固化土壤，或在材料表面形成玻璃状薄膜，从而实现防水、加固和防火的效果。 |
| Water-reducing admixture | 减水剂 | |
| Waterstop | 止水(带、条、环、板） | |
| Window screen | 纱窗 | |
| Witness point | 见证点 | |
| Work at height | 高处作业 | |
| Work permit | 工作许可 | |
| Workshop drawing | 车间图纸 | |
| WPS（welding procedure specification） | 焊接工艺规程 | |
| Yield strength | 屈服强度 |
